A UCLA "world summit" will bring together internationally renowned scientists from 12 countries — including the U.S., Russia, China, Japan, Australia and India — to address ancient microscopic fossils, from July 27 to Aug. 2.

 

"We are bringing together the world's best scientists in the field of ancient life," said summit organizer J. William Schopf, founder and director of the UCLA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics' Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life (CSEOL). "Many of the participants have never before met one another. I expect that as a result of this five-day meeting, many of these scholars will collaborate on research."

 

 

The scientists will participate in hands-on scientific demonstrations using new state-of-the-science techniques.

 

"I have asked them to bring their most difficult rock specimens with them," said Schopf, a paleobiologist, geologist, microbiologist and organic geochemist. "People will say, 'Come look at this.'"

 

Schopf believes that the participants, and their students, will be ready to analyze microscopic fossils inside rocks returned from Mars to search for signs of life.

 

New research techniques are reshaping the study of ancient life. High-technology equipment allows scientists to look inside rocks and produce sharp, three-dimensional images of the ancient microscopic fossils they contain.

 

Among these new techniques are Raman spectroscopy, which allows scientists to see the molecular and chemical structure of ancient microorganisms in three dimensions; confocal microscopy, which uses a focused laser beam to make the organic walls of fossils fluoresce and enables scientists to take images inside living cells and view the cells in 3-D; and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, which lets scientists analyze the isotopes in the chemistry of individual fossils.

 

While these techniques are not available in many countries, Schopf, who helped develop them, hopes that will change. At the summit, scientists will divide into smaller groups in UCLA laboratories for demonstrations of the new technology.

 

"I want them to learn the tricks that we know of how to use these instruments," he said. "I want us to learn from one another.

 

"In China, a scientist saw a three-dimensional picture of a spherical fossil inside a rock and told me, 'It's like seeing the backside of the moon!'" he said. "It is astounding the first time you ever see it. Instead of waiting 20 or 30 years for the knowledge to diffuse, I want to cut through that."

 

Since his first year as a Harvard graduate student in the 1960s, Schopf has had the goal of conducting chemical analysis and 3-D imaging of individual microscopic fossils inside rocks, but he had no technique to do so until recently.

 

The world summit is sponsored by the CSEOL at UCLA, with support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute and publisher Elsevier.

 

Summit participants have expertise in a number of fields studying early life, among them microbiology, molecular biology, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry and geology.

 

Participants are: Wladyslaw Altermann (Germany), Stanley Awramik (U.S.), David Bottjer (U.S.), Nicholas Butterfield (England), Junyuan Chen (China), Thomas Fairchild (Brazil), Tamara N. German (Russia), Kathleen Grey (Australia), Hans Hofmann (Canada), Christopher House (U.S.), Anatoliy Kudryavtsev (U.S.), Malgorzata Moczydlowska (Sweden), Konstantin Nagovitsin (Russia), Dorothy Oehler (U.S.), Victor Podkovyrov (Russia), Vibhuti Rai (India), J. William Schopf (U.S.), Vladimir N. Sergeev (Russia), Mukund Sharma (India), Purnima Srivastava (India), Kenichiro Sugitani (Japan), Vinod Tewari (India), Yuichiro Ueno (Japan), Nataliya G. Vorob'Eva (Russia), Malcolm Walter (Australia), Frances Westall (France), Shuhai Xiao (U.S.) and Leiming Yin (China).

 

Schopf is the editor of "Earth's Earliest Biosphere" and "The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study," companion books that provide the most comprehensive knowledge of more than 4 billion years of the Earth's history, from the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago to events half a billion years ago. His non-technical book, "Cradle of Life," received the 2000 Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science. In 1977, Schopf received the National Science Foundation's prestigious Alan T. Waterman Award as the outstanding young scientist in the country.